STEPS INVOLVED IN THE CALCULATION OF CHI-SQUARE (χ2): Step 1: Formulation of Null and Alternative Hypothesis; one being independent and the other being dependent. For example: H0: Null Hypothesis (Categories that are independent) H1: Alternative Hypothesis (Categories that are dependent) Step 2: Derive your Expected Values for all the cells in the Observed Table respectively. Using the following formula: Expected Values= Row Total multiply by Column Total divided by Total Sample Size. (See picture below) This formula will be applied on each cell in our Observed Values to arrive at our Expected Values. Note: Total Sample Size or grand total is usually denoted using 'n'. Step 3: Construct your Chi-Square Tables using the Chi-Square formula. (See pictures below) Step 4: Obtain your Chi-Square value using the Chi-Square Critical Value Table.(picture below) Compare your step 3 answer with the value you obtained from the Chi-Square Tabl